The development of the flute as a solo instrument from the. Mouthpiece this quena flute has an internal circumference of approximately 0. The quena sometimes written as kena is the traditional flute of the andes. It is the first history to illustrate the relationship that has bound the instrument, its music, and performance technique together through eight centuries of shifting musical tastes and practices. Evolution of the flute timeline timetoast timelines. The books author nancy toff does an exceptional job covering the instruments itself what is a flute, how to select a proper flute, care and maintenance, history and many of the other instruments considered to be in the flute family.
The person who plays the ney is called nayi in arabic and neyzen in farsi. During this period, italian and netherlands flute makers experimented with the size of the flutes bore, added an e flat tone hole and divided the flute into sections that made storage and travel easier. The journal of the american musical instrument society, 2009. The quena is made of totora, a plant like a reed and the length is about 35 cm with 7 finger holes. Say em 2 bring the head joint to your mouth and press the circle against your lips. The oldest record of the flute was found in middle asia which from the 9th. This will help eliminate body and mind confusion that results from playing different flutes.
Taffanel studied at the paris conservatoire with louis dorus, who introduced the boehm flute there, graduating in 1860. A complete guide for students and performers by nancy toff, the man with the golden flute. The rightmost column shows a rough guide the ranges of various eras in development, based on the pecos classification with dates from doe 2008, appendix u, pages u9 to u16. In a comprehensive and authoritative account of the flutes. This was about 50% of all the recorded flutes in the usa. The quena is a simple wooden flute that is native to the andes of northern south america.
The quena below is a another endblown flute originating from the andes in south america though common throughout argentina, ecuador, colombia, bolivia and chile. This is the 2nd part of my quena tutorial, we will go over mouth position and pressure along with learning a song, enjoy. Thus, the vertically held recorder was also called a flute. The book ends with a comprehensive catalog of solo and chamber repertoire, and includes appendices with fingering charts as well as lists of current flute manufacturers, repair shops, sources for flute music, books, flute clubs and. This beautiful woodwind, sometimes called the kena, is considered the flute of the incas. Whether you want to discover more about the life of a great flutist or learn about the history of the flute and flute playing, discover how to deal with the physical challenges of playing or share the pleasure of a good flute story with a child, theres a book out. Articles on the history and development of the flute. Quena, kena, andean flute photos, maps, videos, history. Ardal powell born 1958 is a maker and player of historical flutes and a publisher of books on music. This unique book includes a fingering chart, information in performance technique, style, rhythm conventions, ornaments, and history plus an analysis of mr. By 1600, plucked and bowed instruments were combined with flute in mixed consort music. This flute started off as a threepiece but eventually the middle joint was divided in half as shown by the white part. For the flute history page list of all flute method books click here. Flute books woodwind resources research guides at university.
I hope in this section youll learn about the important modifications made to the flute to make it the wonderful instrument that it is today. I now have included a section displaying items from my music and books collection, which are associated with the study or playing of flutes. It usually contains fingering charts andor scales and numerous different exercises, sometimes also simple etudes, in different keys, in ascending order as to difficulty in methodical progression or with a focus on isolated aspects like fluency, rhythm, dynamics, articulation and the like. To produce sound, the player closes the top end of the pipe with the flesh between the chin and lower lip, and blows a stream. Reviews of readings in the history of the flute the galpin society journal lx april 2007 pp. There are many wonderful flute books out there that could fill that space. Its mouthpiece is made of a very hard wood obtained from the buds of evergreen pines araucaria. He specializes in the study of baroque and classical flute.
If the birdlike notes in andean folk music make your heart soar, you have probably fallen in love with the quena. Ardal powell, the flute yale musical instrument series, 2002. Teachers and flutists at all levels have praised nancy toffsthe flute book, a unique onestop guide to the flute and its music. In sumerian culture, it is known that the ney came from the family of a wind instrument named na. The history of recorders is very old, they were born about b. The flutopedia web site includes, among many other things, an extensive set of finger diagram fonts for engraving sheet music that are similar to the finger diagrams in this document. In other words, you get one year of workouts with a twoweek vacation. The flute below was found in a burial mound in labrador, canada and dates from 5,500 bc. The online audio provides professional demo tracks of. The uncomplicated elegance of the flute, with just six finger holes and traditionally made from a giant bulrush plant called totora, is for. The history of the neyzen is associated with the mevlevi order since it is considered as a sacred instrument among mevlevi sects. New york and 1 other state had the highest population of flute families in 1840. The book ends with a comprehensive catalog of solo. The flute is a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group.
Circa 20 the onepeiced, two inch, wooden flute is invented. While flutes in various shapes and constructions have been among the most popular musical instruments in history, the modern concert flute, also known as a western concert flute, is. It doesnt need lip vibration like brass instruments. For far too long, the story of the flute has been told as a dreary parade of mechanical. This lecture document, developing artistry via thoughtful practice. The name al ud literally means the wood, and was most likely used to distinguish instruments with wooden soundboards from those with soundboards made of animal skin. When taffanel became professor of flute at the conservatoire in 1893 he revised the institutes repertoire and. A modern historical summary of the flute and its music, by howard mayer brown, jeremy montagu, ardal powell, and jaap frank, appears in the new second edition of the new grove dictionary of music and musicians. In the extensive analysis of flute literature that follows, toff places individual pieces in historical context.
In music, a flute method is a kind of specific textbook style manual for playing the flute. I am an adult who has returned to the flute at an intermediate level. Home page original flutes collection of michael lynn. Flute, musical instruments brass and woodwinds, books. A timeline of flute development native american flute. The flute is a woodwind instrument, but modern flutes are made of metal. A great selection of flute methods covers shown and flute books for online purchase from van cott services. I am always happy to provide more information on specific instruments and am available to do lecturedemonstrations on the history of the flute for schools, flute clubs, conferences, etc. A method book for intermediate flute students, is an intermediate method book for young flutists that covers aspects of holistic practice breathing, stretching, mindfulness, meditation, and productive practice strategies, as well as the development of artistry through the. Examples of uds first appear on illustrations and manuscripts in the preislamic arabic peninsula in the sixth century. Three irish folksong settings for voice and flute50481666 by john corigliano, corigliano john paperback from hal leonard 1991 special order. According to the instrument classification of hornbostelsachs, flutes are categorized as edgeblown aerophones. The earliest evidence of the arab ud in europe can be found in. In vertical, endvibrated flutessuch as the balkan kaval, the arabic nay, and panpipesthe player holds the.
Organized into four main partsthe instrument, performance, the music, and repertoire catalogthe book begins with a description of the instrument and its making, offers information on choosing and caring for a flute, sketches a history of the flute. All fonts have been embedded in this pdf file, so that it should. With the art of the native american flute, carlos nakai draws upon his many years as an educator, performer, and student of the native american flute to present the reader with a comprehensive and user friendly instruction manual for learning to play this core native american musical instrument. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening. For more than 500 years, the quena has been integral to the music of south america, and thanks to its appealing sound, it has become internationally beloved. Flutes are instruments of a long history, but this flute came to europe from the east in the 12th century. Motzart and hayden were starting to use the flute a lot in their compositions at the time, so flutemakers decided to find ways to make the flute even better. Discover delightful childrens books with prime book box, a subscription that. Concert flute history history vienna symphonic library. Traditionally made of cane or wood, it has 6 finger holes and one thumb hole, and is open on both ends or the bottom is halfclosed choked. Throughout the middle ages, the flute was most commonly associated with the military but by the mid 1600s it had become a very important instrument of the opera and court orchestra. This document is part of a collection of native american flute resources available at. The most flute families were found in the uk in 1891.
Includes information about players, makers, composers, and instruments, from the10th century to the present day. The quena hispanicized spelling of quechua qina, sometimes also written kena in english is the traditional flute of the andes. The major developments of the modern flute occurred during the 1700s and 1800s and were largely a product of johann joachim quantz and theobald boehm. Ney, the absolute instrument of the human soul daily sabah. Concentrate on playing just this flute and no other flute.
The construction of the flute in multiple parts is an important innovation given the fact that pitch during the renaissance era varied by region, and a twopiece flute would have allowed players to more easily adapt to different pitch levels. Or, why good enough beats best from theobald boehm to t. Books for the flute on technique, literature, pedagogy and history. History of the flute all the information on the flute. Organized into four main partsthe instrument, performance, the music, and repertoire catalogthe book begins with a description of the instrument and its making, offers information on choosing and caring for a flute, sketches a history of the flute, and. The flute is one of the oldest musical instruments of all and is regarded as the first ever wind instrument. A history of the flute 1 national flute association. The flute has a very long history, and has evolved very much over a span of 2000 years. The history and process of the development of the modern flute the development of the modern flute is a complex process which has been ongoing for thousands of years. The sumerians and egyptians were among the first to add three or four fingerholes to their bamboo. A timeline of flute development this page provides a vertical timeline for the historical flutes and fluterelated developments surveyed on flutopedia. Flute simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The history and process of the development of the modern. The flute was an important part of these groupings.
In 1840 there was 1 flute family living in new york. The flute family name was found in the usa, the uk, canada, and scotland between 1840 and 1920. It is an end blown flute that has 6 finger holes and one thumb hole. Its haunting sounds still echo among the hills, and school children are often taught to play it. Flutes need the second most amount of air for an instrument, next to the tuba. Teachers and flutists at all levels will welcome the return of nancy toffs unique onestop guide to the flute and its music. Flute embouchure 1 close your mouth so that your lips are together and make a line.
Paul taffanel is considered the founder of the french flute school that became dominant in mid20th century western europe and america. For more than 500 years, the quena has been integral to the music of south america, and thanks to its appealing sound, it has become internationally. This book tells the story of the flute in the musical life of europe and north america from the twelfth century to the present day. A 50week workout program for developing, improving, and maintaining flute technique for all levels, beginners to advanced. Indeed, up until around the middle of the eighteenth century the era of baroque music, the word flute was commonly used to describe the recorder. Mouse over history for the drop down menu of options. Flute players hold it horizontally and make a sound by blowing their breath over the edge of the hole of flutes head. The term flute was originally applied both to pipe instruments held sideways and pipe instruments held vertically. Mel bays complete irish flute book by mizzy mccaskill, dana gilliam paperback out of print try used books. It brings greater peace into the home and i love the songs that have been placed together for various topics i. Create marketing content that resonates with prezi video. A practical guide cambridge handbooks to the historical performance of music. Flute playing has a particularly long tradition in the orient. This type of flute was introduced by french instrument makers in 1670 and remained the popular flute until 1782.
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